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Chesapeake Police Officer Allison Ostman - 1360 Words

According to the probable cause statement filed on September 26, 2016, by Chesapeake Police Officer Allison Ostman, the following occurred in the city of Chesapeake: â€Å"On September 18, 2016, at approximately 03:30, I made contact with a suspicious occupied vehicle at the intersection of Drum Creek Road and Taylor Road that was occupied by several juveniles to include a Mr. Darren DelPapa. Due to an odor of marijuana in the vehicle, I performed a search of the vehicle for illegal narcotics. During my search, I located a plastic bag containing (1) 30 mg tablet of codeine underneath Mr. DelPapa’s seat. I mirandized him at approximately 0348 hours, to which Mr. DelPapa stated the pill belonged to him.† Darren stated he could have avoided†¦show more content†¦He has no other pending matters before any court. Darren has had no detention confinements and no out of home placements or other court ordered placements. He has no history of escape and no court ordered placements. He has no other matters pending before the court, and he has had no court ordered interventions. The charges were taken under advisement for a period of one year, and Darren was allowed to enroll in the Commonwealth Challenge program in Virginia Beach. He was ordered onto probation, at any time he was not in the Commonwealth Challenge program. Program requirements of the Commonwealth Challenge program do not allow individuals to be on probation as a condition of entry, hence the order of the court. Darren reported to the Commonwealth Challenge on March 28, 2017. Within the first few days, there were so many fights and chaos, that the program called Darren’s guardians to come pick him up and take him home â€Å"until the situation calmed down.† Darren was â€Å"jumped† on at least two occasions and both he and the Freemans decided he should not return. Because Commonwealth Challenge is a â€Å"voluntary program,† he was not required to return to the program according to the Chesapeake probation officer. Darren currently lives with his siblings and his legal guardians, Theresa and Charlie Freeman. The Freemans have had legal custody of Darren since he was 2  ½ years old. Theresa Freeman was friends with Darren’s

Response to Change Essay - 977 Words

Response to Change Change should be seen as a challenge and embraced with enthusiasm (Marquis Huston, 2012). In my professional and personal life, I view and respond to change as a way to make improvements to existing regulations and circumstances. I embark upon the quest with determination to succeed at whatever task is presented to me. Life without change can become unchallenging and stagnant (Marquis Huston, 2012). As society and technology advance, you must incorporate the necessary transformations that arise with it. Throughout my live, my behavior towards change has evolved into a more mature acceptance of the inevitable. As an adolescent, I failed to contemplate the reasoning behind changes that occurred within my life. I†¦show more content†¦Time management was a vital element that I had to incorporate into my daily routine. My entire family had to adjust to the new stressors that were introduced with my decision of returning to school. The normal routine that they had grown accust omed to was no longer practical. It was difficult for them to accept that I was no longer the primary source of everyday responsibilities. This new adaptation was difficult and stressful for them to accept. However, the willingness to accept their new roles ended with a positive outcome for everyone involved. I have witness response to change through my friends and family members. Each individual varies in their skills and ability to accept change (Blais Hayes, 2011). In order for change to be a healthy experience, it must be entered into with an open mind and positive attitude. When unforeseen change occurs within my family, we pull together to help each other through it. My network of friends have the same view towards change. If situations arise that are positive, we embrace and appreciate them. Conversely, we handle negative transformations by pulling strength from each other. The ER is a place of constant, emotional unplanned change. As a team, we approach each situation with strength and determination. Negative attitudes does not exist within our group. We accustom our treatment to fit the needs of each individual patient. Emotional challenges are endured on a daily basis. We pull together asShow MoreRelatedBiotic Response For Climate Change1701 Words   |  7 Pagesresearch and broader impacts experience has built a platform to stand a career on, creating marketable skills, and long term plans for my future as an academic scientist, educator, and member of society. My research today is about biotic response to climate change; it rests on my past experiences in paleobiology and physical climate science, and will be stabilized by my growing interests in environmental chemistry and ecology. My broader impacts have a foundation in working with underserviced communitiesRead MoreLoose Change Documentart Response1253 Words   |  6 Pagesscattered about the area. The crash did manage to leave a crater in the ground that was about 20-15 ft long and about 10ft. wide (Avery). It will always be remembered as a tragic day, one that many are still unclear of. Watching the Loose Change Documentary about 9/11 reveled some very striking information. Their theory is that everything that happened that day including the crashing of Flight 93 was a part of a government conspiracy. They feel the government had knowledge of the attacksRead MorePsychological Responses On Global Climate Change2385 Words   |  10 PagesPsychological Responses to Global Climate Change â€Å"Climate change is not ‘a problem’ waiting for ‘a solution.’ It is an environmental, cultural, and political phenomenon which is reshaping the way we think about ourselves, our societies and humanity’s place on Earth† (Hulme, 2009, xx). Global climate change is one of the most important social and political issues facing humanity today. During last year’s State of the Union Address President Obama asserted, No challenge — no challenge — poses aRead MoreReading Response For Change The Way You Persuade970 Words   |  4 PagesTo: Dr. Steve Flaherty From: Nathan Goodrich Date: 7/11/2017 Subject: Reading Response for â€Å"Change the Way You Persuade† Introductory Paragraph This article encourages the reader to focus on how he or she delivers the message as opposed to primarily focusing on the content of their argument. The authors believe that senior executives built their careers by being effective decision makers. â€Å"Learning mostly from experience, they build a set of criteria that guides them. Each decision is influencedRead MoreA Proposal Response On Climate Change And 192 Countries1449 Words   |  6 PagesRecommendation This policy memo response the People’s Climate March held on New York, September 21, 2014, by focusing on how to decrease New York’s level greenhouse gas emissions by 80 percent by 2050 from 2005 levels . Despite the fact that 195 countries have become Parties to The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and 192 countries have signed the protocol , the climate crisis has not been solved but accelerated. By introduction a new energy-efficient standard in New York CityRead MoreThe Response of Organisms Towards Climate Change Essay2365 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction Predicting how animals and communities might response to climate warming is a foremost concern of global change biologist. Ectothermic animals are considered particularly susceptible due to their body temperature and physiological performances vary acutely with environmental conditions. The response of organisms towards climate is based on their behavioural and physiological adaptation through evolutionary history (Somero 2012). Intertidal ectotherms for example are often experiencingRead MoreUnitary and Modular Organisms: Their Response to Environmental Changes and Perturbation15566 Words   |  23 PagesTheir Response to Environmental Changes and Perturbation1 Casey Jon Vea Group 3 Section U-2L August 3, 2011 ------------------------------------------------- 1A scientific paper submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements in Biology 150, Principles of Ecology laboratory under Mrs. Charina Grace B. Banaay , Ist semester 2011-2012 Abstract Every individuals or organisms dwell in a place where well suited for their growth and development, survival and reproduction. When changes happenedRead MoreMy Response to Jeremy Rifkins A Change of Heart about Animals544 Words   |  3 PagesJeremy Rifkin in the article A Change of Heart about Animals argues on the fact that as incredible as it sounds, many of our fellow creatures as like us in so many ways. For example, in a movie named Paulie a young girl that suffers autism gets attached to a parrot. The girl struggles to talk but she just cant. Time passes by and then the girl starts talking because the parrot helped her. An incident happened so the little girls parents decide to let the parrot go. The parrot ends up in an animalRead MoreThe Effects Of Environmental Damage, Climate Change, Hostile Neighbors, And Cultural Responses989 Words   |  4 PagesThe main ideas of the book are societal impact of environmental damage, climate change, hostile neighbors, withdrawal of su pport of friendly neighbors, and cultural responses. Some environmental responses were successful because a lot of ancient societies such as the Anasazi and their neighbors started constructing a very extensive irrigation systems. It was successful because the anasazian’s were living at higher elevation and cropping on the lower lands and they needed a way to transport waterRead MoreHuman Dive Response; Changes in Heart Rate While Resting and Submerged1995 Words   |  8 PagesThe Changes of Heart Rate of Students during Human Dive Response when Resting and Submerged Abstract The dive response is known more popularly as a mammalian dive reflex. It is a survival mechanism built into mammal’s bodies, essentially. Over the years, scientists have been determined to find what triggers mammals to have a decreased heart rate when submerged under water allowing them to stay under the water longer when they do not typically live under water. In this experiment, we tested

Research Evaluation And Data Collection Methods - 932 Words

Healthy People program has existed for the last three decades to provide science-based, 10-year national objectives for improving the health of all Americans. Healthy People 2020 depict assessments of key risks to wellness and health. It has changed health priorities and issues related to preparedness and prevention of national’s health. The mission of Healthy People 2020 is to; identify nationwide health improvement priorities; increase public awareness and understanding of determinants of health, disease, disability, and opportunities for progress; provide measurable objectives and goals applicable at national, state, and local levels; engage multiple sectors to take actions to strengthen policies and improve practices that are driven by the best available evidence and knowledge; and identify critical research evaluation and data collection methods. The overarching goals of Healthy People 2020 are; attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease; achieve health y equality, eliminate disparities; create social and physical environments that promote good health; promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across life stages (Committee on Leading Health Indicators for Healthy People 2020, 2011). One of the focus areas identified by Healthy People 2020 is diabetes. The goal of the program in this specific area is to â€Å"reduce the disease and economic burden of diabetes mellitus (DM) and improve the quality of life for all persons who have,Show MoreRelatedEvaluation Of Research Methods And Data Collection A Useful Acronym1032 Words   |  5 Pagestextbook’s evaluation of research methods and data collection a useful acronym referenced for remembering and evaluating research was LOTS of data (Cervone Pervin, 2013). The L stands for life record data that is obtained by looking at a person’s life history. A person’s life history can be accessed and assessed by looking up police, court, or public records. The O stands for observational data which is information given by knowledgeable observers of the person in question. This data is obtainedRead MoreThe Overall Evaluation / Research Strategy Or Design?1543 Words   |  7 PagesSection 1: Action Research What is the overall evaluation/research strategy or design? The article that was selected is, â€Å"Assessing the impact of a year-long faculty development program on faculty approaches to teaching†, by Light, Calkins, Luna, Drane (2009). The design is action research. Why is this type of strategy or design selected for this study? This design was selected because action research is a process and the seven-step process was initiated in the development of the design selectedRead MoreData Collection Strategy1253 Words   |  6 PagesData Collection Data Collection is an important aspect of any type of research study. Inaccurate data collection can impact the results of a study and ultimately lead to invalid results. Data collection methods for impact evaluation vary along a continuum. At the one end of this continuum are quantatative methods and at the other end of the continuum are Qualitative methods for data collection . Quantitative and Qualitative Data collection methods The Quantitative data collection methodsRead MoreQualitative Research Evaluation Essay1589 Words   |  7 PagesEVALUATION DATA RESEARCH Qualitative research seeks to answer the â€Å"why† and not the â€Å"how† of the research project that is being conducted, this is done through a complex system of analyzing unstructured information such as survey’s , questionnaires, interviews, interview transcripts, open end survey’s, focus groups, observations, emails, notes, video’s, feed back forms and photo’s; most of the time a qualitative report won’t depend on statistical evidence alone it must be accompanied by detailedRead MoreUsing Qualitative And Qualitative Research1069 Words   |  5 Pagesauthors argue that mixed methods sampling with well-established qualitative and quantitative techniques can answer the research question in health sciences posted by mixed methods research designs in a new way. And data collection procedures for the mixed methods designs should based on concurrent and sequential forms of data collection, in order to make sure that the qualitative res ults can explain and interpret the findings of a quantitative study, and meanwhile, mixed methods are used to overcomeRead MoreThe Continuity Of Nursing Care1680 Words   |  7 Pagesenhances the continuity of nursing care through listing specific nursing action necessary to achieve the goals of care. CRITICAL EVALUATION Leadership and leadership style Personal life I have been able to influence the behaviours of other especially in my home in order to achieve my family’s members task and objective by employing a democratic style of leadership. I do not over manager or under-manage my family or personal affairs but have struck a balance towards doing that. One mustRead MoreThe Martial Arts School Program1608 Words   |  7 Pagesinterested to implementing an organizational program. 1 Many methods can be utilized to implement any program. In the case of the martial arts school, the program implementer can utilize the quantitative or qualitative methods, or both as mixed method for collecting data. The selection of quantitative methods would favorite the implementer to quantitatively collect data via a series of survey, quantification, close ended questions, data under form of check list, totality of year or simply the durationRead MoreResearch Methodology Used For Research1207 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Methodology Introduction This chapter discusses the methodology used for this research. Describing type of methodology in research study and define the chosen method and approach for this research. Then, the outline of research strategy used, framework this research conducted and data sources collected to obtain valid and reliable research as the objective determined. Review of Research of Methodology Broadly speaking, there are several purpose of research. It depends on the objectiveRead MoreQualitative Study1396 Words   |  6 PagesQualitative Study Evaluation Edwina Williams u5a1 Capella University Fall November 2011: Address (optional): City, State, Zip (optional): Phone (optional): E-mail: Instructor: Vickie Claflin Qualitative Study Evaluation Evaluation of the Title The title of this research study is: The internet and student research: teaching critical evaluation skills. I believe that this title is suitable for the research study because it is an overview of theRead MoreThe Situational Occurrence Of Congolese / Zairian Students Exposed Essay974 Words   |  4 Pages In this study, data will be collected and managed for the investigation that will be conducted to study the situational occurrence of Congolese/Zairian students exposed to menaces pushing them to initiate migration. This population is constituted of students’ grade level range from junior high, high School, and second Year College students who are the targeted population for this study. The population to be studied is categorized as students that never experienced the migration, those

Essay on Sexual Abuse on Women - 1250 Words

Sexual abuse, also known as sexual assault, is any sort of sexual activity that one doesn’t agree to which includes, inappropriate touching, vaginal, anal, or oral penetration, sexual intercourse that one says no to, rape, attempted rape, as well as child molestation. Sexual abuse is usually verbal or visual. It can also be anything that forces a person to be in unwanted sexual contact. There are many examples of sexual abuse like voyeurism, exhibitionism, incest, and sexual harassment. Voyeurism means when a person has sexual interest in people that are engaged in private intimate behaviors. Exhibitionism refers to one’s desire of exposing his/her parts of their body in public. Incest is sexual intercourse between family members.†¦show more content†¦Also, women that are in depression have lifetime prevalence of 55%of physical abuse (Violence Against Women: Partner and Sexual Assault, 2004). Donohoe (2004) maintained that the most common areas of beating a re the abdomen, head, and breasts with eight percent to twenty percent estimated incidence of abuse in pregnancy. The risk of low birth weight, delayed prenatal care, and pre-term labor is increased if a woman is abused during pregnancy. During their childhood, two thirds of the teen mothers were either abused or raped and mothers of abused children, 50% to 70% of them have been abused themselves (Donohoe, 2004). According to the article Alcohol and Sexual Assault (2000) 33% to 46% of women that report rapes are physically abused. Also, there are 40% of college women that report attempted/completed rape and sexual contact outside of school. Surprisingly more than 25% of college men admit that they have used sexual coercive behaviors. Patterson, D. (2011) maintained that rape is seven percent of all violent crimes. Rape is considered to be the most underreported crime and only less than 1% of rapists are found guilty. According to Methodological innovations in research on violen ce against women (2011), there are physical, psychological, and social consequences of domestic violence and rape. Violence against women can lead to major trauma such as bruises, fractures, andShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Sexual Abuse On Women779 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the greatest fears that affect women worldwide is getting sexually attacked. These are occasions that leave the victims with emotional scars that last a lifetime. Sexual abuse is an act that underline inhumane and repulsions of torment for women. The horrors are an understatement when the victims are kids. Most women, who have encountered rape, have had the assault in their younger ages. Recuperating from such recollections and scars can result into two actions; carrying on with a productiveRead MoreSexual Abuse of Slave Women1672 Words   |  7 Pagesthe brutal and harshness of sexual and emotional abuse from slavery to marriage. This trickling factor of abuse must be continuously retold and soon manages t o uncover a secret that has been kept silence from the very beginning. Gayl Jones illustrates that future generations of men and women are affected by the sexual exploitations that women in slavery experienced. Ursa Corregidora, the great-granddaughter of a Portuguese slave owner, is a beautiful mulatto women from Kentucky who sings theRead MoreChildhood Abuse And Sexual Of Adult Women2211 Words   |  9 Pages Childhood abuse and sexual revictimization of adult women Sexual abuse can be very devastating to an individual both short term and long term. Being a victim of abuse is important to recognize and understand because of the long lasting negative effects of psychological problems and interpersonal distress that are often associated with the abuse (Messman Long, 2003). Abuse can happen to anyone, young or old, at any time in their life. Childhood abuse, in particular, is believed to increaseRead MoreThe Effects Of Childhood Sexual Abuse On Women s Sexual Behavior2139 Words   |  9 Pagesexamine the impact of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) on women’s sexual behavior in adulthood. Childhood sexual abuse has been associated with a plethora of physical and emotional symptoms in women. It has been noted that there is a significant relationship between this maltreatment and the development of abnormal sexual behavior. Some women who have been abused as children are suffering from lack of sexual desire, emotional distress, sexual dysfunction, or engage in risky sexual behavior as they become adultsRead MoreViolence And Sexual Abuse Of Stockholm Syndrome And Violence Against Women Essay1844 Words   |  8 Pagesthan a playground scuffle. This makes this damaging wives’ tale an enforcer of Stockholm syndrome and violence against women. (Jameson, 2011) These kinds of societal beliefs teaches men to treat the women they admire with brutality as an expression of their feelings as well as a sexual object of their desire. It has taught women to accept these acts of violence and sexual abuse as an equivalent for love and compliment. Stockholm syndrome is a defense mechanism of sorts: the abused psychologicallyRead MoreDifferent Types Of Domestic Violence1595 Words   |  7 Pagestypes of domestic violence that exist within the American society as well as within other cultures. Domestic violence is defined as abuse that is caused by aggressive behaviors, generally towards a spouse or partner in an intimate relationship. There are different forms of domestic violence that occur to people on a daily basis, and this violence exist mostly amongst women, but does not exclude the fact that there are men that fall victim to domestic violence as well. Throughout this paper I will discussRead MoreViolence Against Women s Violence1553 Words   |   7 Pages Violence Against Women by Ines Alvarez Mrs. Madrell English 4, Honors, Period 6 Miami Coral Park Senior High School March 18,2016 Mrs. Madrell English 4, Honors, Period 6 Miami Coral Park Senior High School March 18,2016 Violence Against Women Women have been and continue to be victims of violence in all of its faces. The purpose of this research is to explore the many ways in which women are abused and mistreated, focusing on the effects that violence causes to the victimsRead MoreTheme Of Abuse In The Handmaids Tale1196 Words   |  5 Pagesmistreatment of women is obvious and disturbing; however, current life is not without its own shocking abuses. Just as the Gileadian handmaid was subject to varied kinds of abuse, many modern women too face varied kinds of abuses that include psychological, sexual, and financial abuse. Psychological abuse is a wide categorization of abuse that includes actions that harm a woman although she is not being physically assaulted; this large set includes both verbal and emotional abuse and has lastingRead MorePsychological Aspects Of Sexually Abused Women And The Trauma Recovery And Empowerment1593 Words   |  7 Pagessexually abused women and the trauma recovery and empowerment. Sexual abuse can be well defined as sexual assaults and sexual exploitation of the individual, which include the following: Rape, Incest, Molestation and Voyeurism. An assortment of 15 empirical studies will compare and contrast their findings of psychological sexual abuse and trauma recovery. Individuals that are victims of sexual abuse can undergo many issues for the victim to inflict upon. Despite the fact that sexual abuse does mark malesRead MoreThere Are Many Different Forms Of Child Sexual Abuse. Sexual1436 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many different forms of child sexual abuse. Sex ual abuse can be perpetrated by a relative or a stranger. But the most common of sexual abuse is committed by a beloved relative. Ratican (1992) defines childhood sexual abuse is a sexual act performed over and over between an adult and child (1992). The effects of childhood sexual abuse can last into adulthood and effect the way that a person thinks or their outlook of life. The effect of this act has a negative impact on the psychological

Women Education free essay sample

India is the second largest country in the world so far as population is concerned. But so far as education is concerned it is a backward country. In past, women did not receive any education at all. They were not allowed to come out of the four walls of their houses. Domestic works were their only education. During the British rule in India some noble social thinkers of the time paid their attention to the education of woman in our country. Raja Ram Mohan Ray, Iswara Chandra Vidyasagar was famous reformers who gave emphasis on the education of women. They put forth a very strong argument. Man and woman are like the two sides of a coin. Without one, the other cannot exist. They help each other in every sphere. So education should be given to both man and woman. Further, women are the mothers of the future generation. If women are uneducated, the future generations will be uneducated. We will write a custom essay sample on Women Education or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For this reason the Greek warrior Napoleon once said, Give me a few educated mothers; I shall give you a heroic race. In day to day life, the real problems are faced first by women and then the same problems are conveyed to men for solution. If the women are educated, they can solve all the problems of their houses. Very often, the working men of some families become handicapped in unfortunate accidents. In that situation, the complete burden of the family rests on the women of the families. To meet this exigency women should be educated. They should be employed in different spheres. Women can work as teachers, doctors, lawyers and administrators. Educated women are good mothers. Education of women can be helpful in eradicating many social evils such as dowry problem, unemployment problem, etc. Social peace can easily be established. Gender inequality in education is extreme. Girls are less likely to access school, to remain in school or to achieve in education. Education helps men and women claim their rights and realise their potential in the economic, political and social arenas. It is also the single most powerful way to lift people out of poverty. Education plays a particularly important role as a foundation for girls’ development towards adult life. It should be an intrinsic part of any strategy to address the gender-based discrimination against women and girls that remains prevalent in many societies. The following links will further explain the necessity of girls’/women’s education. Education is a right Everybody has the right to education, which has been recognised since the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) in 1948. The right to free and compulsory primary education, without discrimination and of good quality, has been reaffirmed in all major international human rights conventions. Many of these same instruments encourage, but do not guarantee, post-primary education. These rights have been further elaborated to address issues like quality and equity, moving forward the issue of what the right to education means, and exploring how it can be achieved. As a minimum: states must ensure that basic education is available, accessible, acceptable and adaptable for all. (4A scheme) The right of girls to education is one of the most critical of all rights – because education plays an important role in enabling girls and women to secure other rights. Cultural changes Cultural and traditional values stand between girls and their prospects for education. The achievement of girls’ right to education can address some of societies’ deeply rooted inequalities, which condemn millions of girls to a life without quality education – and, therefore, also all too often to a life of missed opportunities. Improving educational opportunities for girls and women helps them to develop skills that allow them to make decisions and influence community change in key areas. One reason for denying girls and women their right to an education is rarely articulated by those in charge: that is their fear of the power that girls will have through education. There is still some resistance to the idea that girls and women can be trusted with education. Education is also seen in some societies as a fear of change and now with globalization, the fear becomes even greater- fear to lose the cultural identity, fear of moving towards the unknown or the unwanted, fear of dissolving in the many others. Better health Basic education provides girls and women with an understanding of basic health, nutrition and family planning, giving them choices and the power to decide over their own lives and bodies. Womens education leads directly to better reproductive health, improved family health, economic growth, for the family and for society, as well as lower rates of child mortality and malnutrition. It is also key in the fight against the spread of HIV AIDS. Poverty reduction Educating girls and women is an important step in overcoming poverty. Inequality and poverty are not inevitable. â€Å"The focus on poverty reduction enables the right to education to be a powerful tool in making a change in the lives of girls and women. Poverty has been universally affirmed as a key obstacle to the enjoyment of human rights, and it has a visible gender profile. The main reason for this is the fact that poverty results from violations of human rights, including the right to education, which disproportionately affect girls and women. Various grounds of discrimination combine, trapping girls in a vicious downward circle of denied rights. Denial of the right to education leads to exclusion from the labour market and marginalisation into the informal sector or unpaid work. This perpetuates and increases women’s poverty. † Women are about half of the population of the world. Masculine dogma made women to suffer and equal opportunities were not offered to women in the several parts of the world. The development of feminine ideas have helped a lot and improved the condition of women across the world recently. The feminine ideas have given much importance to women education. Women education has helped a lot to women to know their rights. Women education helps a country to rise fast. Now, women have entered into every field and they are walking with men. Women Education in India In the Vedic Yuga, women had right to get education. But slowly-slowly, they lost their right to get education. The arrival of the British helped in revival of women education in India. During the British period, a large number of social reformers like Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar gave emphasis on women education in India. Some other leaders like Jyotiba Phuley, Bhimrao Ambedkar held various programs to make education accessible to every woman of India. After the independence, the government of India has taken a lot of measures to offer education to all women of India. As a consequence, the literary rate of Indian women has increased and rising up. Only 22% of Indian women were literate in 1971 and 54. 16 % women were literate in 2001. The women literacy rate increased more than double in 2001 as compared to the women literacy percent of 1971. Now, women have entered into every field and earned name for themselves except women of some areas of the country. Importance of Women Education in India Women education in India plays a pivotal role in the development of country. It has helped in the development of half of population as well as the living standard of family at home and outside. Educated women support women education and give better education to their children. Educated women help in reducing the mortality rate of infant in India. Educated women handle their family in a better way than illiterate women. So, we shouldn’t forget the importance of women education in India.

ERP Software and Vendor Selection Systems

Question: Discuss about the ERP Software and Vendor Selection Systems. Answer: Introduction Information technology has drastically changed todays business environment which in turn has caused organisation around the world to enhance their business practices especially operation procedures in order to remain relevant and competitive. Enterprise resource planning is an example of a response given by the industry to meet the ever changing operational challenges (Tsai, Lee, Chen, Hsu Lin, 2009). However, ERP systems are usually a heavy and important investment to an organisation, which like any other investment is filled with risks. Therefore, the selection of a certain ERP package takes time and certain processes in order to meet the needs of an organisation. Implementation of these systems requires research, analysis and evaluation to determine the software that best meets the needs of a given organisation. Furthermore, the decisions made by an organisation affect the purchases and operational costs which eventually determines the overall returns (Iulian Mihalca, 2007). In essence, a careful and strategic plan must be used to determine the ERP system. Nevertheless, this selection process is filled with challenges, challenges that test the suitability of the system as well as the organisation itself. These challenges and their possible solutions are the focus of this report. An overview of an ERP Selection process According to Motiwalla and Thompson (2012), understanding the needs of an organisation is the first and most important step in selecting an ERP system. Moreover, it is also through this process that an organisation is able to determine a suitable vendor. It is also through these requirements that an organisation lays down the plans for the selection process, an integral part of ERP integration. In most cases, most organisation will hire a specialised firm in the field to conduct the selection process in order to reduce the overall operational costs and to minimise errors in the process. However, regardless of the direction followed by an organisation two steps always followed, they are product identification and product evaluation (Page, 2013). Product Identification This step will often have three main items i.e. identification of the user requirements, research on vendors and requesting for bids from all possible vendors. Moreover, it is at this stage that the functionality (service and system ability), technical architecture, and cost of the ERP system are determined. Based on these requirements, research is then conducted on vendors that meet the needs of the organisation and can deliver on the said services (Iulian s Mihalca, 2007). Product Evaluation Having established the vendors, an analysis is done to determine the vendors that satisfy the needs of the organisation. These vendors must meet the functionality requirements among other factors such as the cost implications. In addition to this, evaluations are done on the agreements (contracts) more so the system licence agreements that determine the authorization accorded to the organisation by the system developer. Challenges and Issues of the selection process Several challenges and issues emerge in the processes discussed above, however, unlike popular perceived they are not completely technical and can be easily solved through strategic planning as well as through comprehensive communication. From the processes highlighted above, its clear to see how extensive and complex an ERP implementation is in an organisation. This complexity in itself is an issue that an organisation must deal with to succeed. Moreover, this complexity is only simplified through strategic procedures meant to meet the end objectives. However, one notable issue faced by most organisation in the selection process is the lack of patience and the immediate desire to implement the entire ERP system at one instance. This outlook causes failure which turns a system into a loophole rather than a business advantage (Kripaa, 2011). Secondly, ERP implementation is more than introducing a management software, in fact, its more of a re-evaluation of a company to transform its practices to meet the demands of the market. These adjustments/evaluations need the commitment of the top management who consider the implications of the proposed changes. However, because the ERP system is more of a technical process, most organisations will hand these projects to the technical team who implement system based on technical prowess rather than business implications. In the end, the requirement specifications and cost implications are tailored to meet the technical requirements while ignoring the business implications (Kripaa, 2011). On the other hand, the lack of proper analysis procedures to assess the system requirements and to train the essential personnel impairs the overall functionality of the ERP system. Fundamentally, this is a technical issue that most selection processes go through where organisations fail to adequately invest in technical experts and instead rely on unqualified individuals to carry out the initial system assessment. Such limitations end up costing an organisation more money than initially estimated. Moreover, they interfere with the logical flow of investments as the organisation is forced to continuously pay for solutions to recurring problems caused by these limitations (Carpenter, 2016). System compatibility is another issue faced by organisations in the implementation process. A common trend seen today sees companies adopt single ERP systems to manage their entire operations. This enormous requirement creates an integration challenge as the system is forced to cater for all needs of the organisation. Furthermore, many companies today are versatile in nature having different departments with different functionalities, this contributes to the overall problem of creating a single solution that meets the demand. Moreover, it contributes to the complexity of the selection process as the organisation is faced with many unrelated variables. In addition to this, consider the changes that are forced upon an organisation in order to meet the basic requirements of an ERP solution. These changes may serve as a challenge because the flexibility of the organisation is affected by the conformity of the industrial standards set by the system design. Furthermore, implementing and ERP system means re-engineering the processes associated with a business. These drastic changes may prove detrimental to an organisation as the people involved may fail to agree on the conditions set by these changes hence, affecting the overall outcome of the implementation process (Kripaa, 2011). Finally, management issues, especially at the initially phase of the selection process, can lead to cost overheads and poor investment procedures. In this case, the system adopted develops functionality issues such as speed and compromised security. To cater for these deficiencies in the system, the organisation is forced to pay for extra services to deal with the compromised system. As seen before, these solutions end up being setbacks that reduce the overall productivity of a business rather than empower it in a competitive market. Recommendation According to Sage vice president Erik Kaas (2012), strategic planning is the essential elements of winning in an ERP project. Up front, planning helps avoid the confusion of choosing the right system based on the requirements determined by the initial evaluation process. In addition to this, an organisation should conduct an internal audit of all the processes and even policies to determine the system requirements. These requirements are then used to accurately determine the vendors who satisfy the organisations needs. However, these initial decisions should be made in collaboration with the all the stakeholders of a business, especially top management (Schiff, 2014). Secondly, consult far and wide to establish multiple contacts with ERP vendors as well as the services they offer. This versatility in options will avoid functionality restrictions once the ERP solution is implemented. Furthermore, it will help improve the organisations understanding of the proposed system. According to MorganFraklin Corp (2014), more 60 percent of all organisations, today dont understand the features they use in their ERP systems. Therefore, having multiple options will help improve a companys understanding so as to choose the best option. This point retaliates the importance of early selection procedures more so, those that offer multiple solutions. Moreover, having these options will also enable an organisation to seek the most qualified individuals to deal with the implementation of the technical aspects of the selection process (Page, 2013). Finally, approach the implementation process as a support project and not as a solution to all (end to end) problems faced by an organisation. ERP systems are designed to support the management unit within an organisation based on the information provided to them. They are never supposed to absorb all the logistics of a business and thus meet all the functionality requirements. If this basic concept is understood, ERP integration and optimisation is done conveniently with minimal issues as the objectives are clearly understood (Motiwalla Thompson, 2012). Conclusion ERP solutions have improved business today as they help integrate the different aspects of an organisation into one common unit. This integration improves the flow of information, making an enterprise quicker and more efficient. However, these enhancements are dependent on the ERP system itself and processes used to integrate it into a business. Therefore, the selection process is more important than the capabilities of the solution. Poorly implemented solutions end up being liabilities and not improvements to existing business infrastructure. Such liabilities end up being added disadvantages to the survival of a business. However, an ERP solution that is properly managed and implemented with the best strategic procedures contribute to the survival of a business and helps beat rivals in a competitive market. References Carpenter. L. (2016). Common Challenges of ERP Software Implementation. Channel. Retrieved 25 January, 2017, from: https://www.nchannel.com/blog/common-challenges-with-erp-software-implementation/ Iulian. A. U Mihalca. R. (2007). Criteria for the selection of ERP software. Informatica Economic. 2(42). Retrieved 25 January, 2017, from: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/6612434.pdf Kripaa. A. (2011). 7 Common Challenges Faced in ERP Implementation. Ramco. Retrieved 25 January, 2017, from: https://blogs.ramco.com/7-common-challenges-faced-in-erp-implementation Motiwalla. L Thompson. J. (2012). Enterprise systems for management. Retrieved 25 January, 2017, from: h222767.temppublish.com/Enterprise_Systems/motiwalla_esm2e_pp_06.ppt Osintsev. A. (2016). The 5 Biggest Challenges When Implementing ERP for the First Time. Technology evaluation centres. Retrieved 25 January, 2017, from: https://www3.technologyevaluation.com/research/article/the-5-biggest-challenges-when-implementing-erp-for-the-first-time.html Page. C. (2013). How to select an enterprise resource planning system for small and medium enterprises. University of Oregon applied information management program. Retrieved 25 January, 2017, from: https://ce.uoregon.edu/aim/Capstone1Perm/Page20132014.pdf Schiff. J. L. (2014). 9 Tips for Selecting and Implementing an ERP System. CIO from idg. Retrieved 25 January, 2017, from: https://www.cio.com/article/2458889/enterprise-resource-planning/9-tips-for-selecting-and-implementing-an-erp-system.html Tsai. W, Lee. P, Chen. S, Hsu. W Lin. T. (2009). A study of the selection criteria for enterprise resource planning systems. International journal business and systems research. 3(4). Retrieved 25 January, 2017, from: https://msbfile03.usc.edu/digitalmeasures/wtlin/intellcont/09Tsai%20Selection%20Criteria%20ERP-1.pdf

Corporate Social Responsibility The Narrow And Broad Views Of CSR

Question: Write a report that discusses the arguments for and against the narrow and broad views of CSR. Please use your text book as a guide, and include all the arguments discussed in Chapter 4. Discuss your position in relation to the CSR debate i.e. do you favour the broad or the narrow view? Imagine yourself after graduating. You are the CEO of a large company and have adopted your chosen view. How would your approach affect society? Use ethical theory to defend your position. An effective way to do this is to: a. Choose an ethical theory to apply to the broad or narrow view.b. Briefly outline the theory to demonstrate your understanding of it.c. Apply it to the issue (HINT: Its easier to apply it to the concept of one view or another, rather than to specific arguments for/against one side). Justify any assumptions that you make.d. When you have applied the theory, make a clear statement regarding whether or not your application of theory finds your chosen view ethical. Answer: Corporate Social Responsibility: The Narrow and Broad Views Introduction The Corporate Social Responsibility is a concept of management according to which the companies incorporate the social as well as the environmental concerns into their operations and interactions with their stakeholders in business [4]. Particularly in the past couple of years, the empirical research conducted had stated that the initiatives of Corporate Social Responsibility had a good payoff for both the companies as well as the stakeholders. Companies require Corporate Social Responsibility for a number of reasons. Getting Tired of Never-Ending Assignments? Hire an Expert from MyAssignmenthelp and Get the Necessary Assignment Help at a Reasonable Rate. This phrase of Corporate Social Responsibility widely describes the extension of the corporations to have an ethical obligation towards the stakeholders. With the increase of influence and power of the corporations the arguments regarding the responsibility of the companies towards the stakeholders beyond the making of profits have also increased. The World Business Council for Sustainable Development had defined CSR as a commitment through which the business organizations are required to maintain ethics and morality and contribute to the economic development in order to improve the quality of life for the workforce and families and also the community and the society. The International Finance Corporation (IFC) stated that CSR is a business commitment for contributing to the economic development. It also resonate the definition of Business Council for Sustainable Development by stating that businesses should work with employees, families, local communities and the society as such attempts would be beneficial for the businesses in the long run. Sociologists consider CSR in the capitalist form and state that this social responsibility began in the form of a social movement against the uninhibited power of the corporate houses. The primary policies and functions of Corporate Social Responsibility as a self-regulatory body includes the monitoring of business and ensuring active compliance according to law, ethics and international standards. However, in some cases implementing or the CSR includes a number of other details such as actions of social good, ahead of the interests of the company in accordance with the law [4]. The objectives of Corporate Social Responsibility includes the gripping of business actions and encouraging a constructive impression on the stakeholders which includes the employees, consumers, the communities, the investors and also the environment. This term of Corporate Social Responsibility popularized during the 1960s and since then it has remained a significant part of company and has over the years comprised within itself a number of other responsibilities such as the legal and moral responsibilities. In this research study the researcher has attempted to explore the two distinct views of Corporate Social Responsibility and also expressed the significance of the broad view of CSR with the help of ethical theory and appropriate instances. The narrow and broad views of CSR Corporate Social Responsibility can be considered as one of the most widely disputed issues in the area of business organizations. There exist two extreme views and opinions regarding the social responsibilities in business [4]. On one hand is the classical view according to which the companies are business enterprises or more precisely economic organizations whose sole motive is to make profits and they have only one responsibility towards the society that is to provide the necessary goods and services to them in exchange of providing maximum profits to the shareholders [3]. Economist and Nobel Prize Winner Milton Friedman supported this classical view of CSR. He stated that the sole responsibility of the managers and the company to carry out the business operations for satisfying the interests of the shareholders and this interest also coincides with the maximization of profits. On the other hand lays the socioeconomic view according to which all business organizations are part of the larger society and hence its responsibilities cannot be restricted to the mere maximization of profits [3]. The proponents of the view further state that even looking at the financial aspect of the company it is in the companys interest to be responsible towards the society. Both the views on Corporate Social Responsibility have been under scrutiny and have been argued extensively as gradually this arena is becoming increasingly essential for the society where the business operates. With time the classical theory or the narrow view of CSR is becoming fader and the socio-economic approach is gaining momentum. Internationally most business houses are adopting the CSR along with their economical interests. As stated above the narrow view suggests that the primary and sole objective of business would be to maximize profits. Scholars supporting different views have generally argued on the narrow and the broad views [2]. For instance Levitt had stated that eventually businesses have two main responsibilities. One is to comply with the basic standards of any business and second is to profit from the business. Friedman argues business should only concentrate on maximizing profits and not on social wellbeing. He further argues since corporations are artificial persons they have artificial responsibilities. Business being an artificial construction the responsibility lies solely on the proprietors and the corporate executives who are the only ones held liable [9]. The narrow view further states that business organization should make money, the executives are employed to accomplish the goals and hence the managers must act in accordance with the owners [1]. Freidman also stated that the executives do have certain amount of corporate social responsibility ahead of making profits. These social responsibilities include the spending of the shareholders money for general interests in the way of taxing owners and spending such tax on community causes [9]. Freidman further argues that the only social responsibility that a business organization has is to indulge in such activities which assist in increasing the profits and that such profit making schemes should be in accordance to the law that is the business should made in an open and freely competitive market without any fraudulences and deceptions. When no force is used the profit making cannot be considered as wrong. Nevertheless, there are such instances of force that gives businesses and markets the wrong impression of profits [2]. Contrastingly, the broader view of Corporate Social Responsibility states that other than the main objective of gaining profits the businesses and organizations have responsibility towards the communities where they operate and to address the negative consequences of their businesses on the society. The Acceptance of the Broader View Both the narrow and the broader view of CSR have a number of supporters. However, I being a CEO of a large company would favor the broader view due to a variety of reasons. There are some arguments which are generally presented to support the narrow view of CSR. The first argument is based on Adam Smiths invisible hand argument. According to this argument organizations should be independent to promote their own self-interests and during this they would be guided by the invisible hand to do social good [6]. Further if organizations are forced to worry about the CSR then would not be able to meet the material needs. However, it needs to be noted that this view is extremely old and does not exist in contemporary times [8]. Presently, corporations have more powerful than the governments. The second argument on behalf of the narrow view is that it is the government of the country that should be responsible for regulating the activities of the corporations and make sure that they act ethically. It needs to be mentioned that it is not possible for the government alone to regulate all the possible unethical behaviors of all the organizations. Further it also not possible to predict the probable behavior of all the organizations [4]. The third argument is that organizations should not be trusted for promoting the well-being of the society as they lack appropriate expertise and would be more prone to project the material views on the society. This contention can also be refuted since there are many private organizations that are capable of looking into the well-being of the society and their own interests as well. The fourth argument is that most corporate executives do not have the moral or the social capabilities to take social welfare decisions hence they would be inefficient in this field. It should be noted that no person is born perfect or with all capabilities. People learn along with their work and responsibilities. In all other sectors people from given expert backgrounds are taking up this Corporate Social Responsibility. Hence even the companies should not be far behind in this matter. And the final argument is that when business organizations are given social responsibilities they would use the influence and power and covert the society into a more commercial and materialistic place. This argument is totally baseless since the business organizations already have enough power to manipulate, materialize or commercialize the society. Proceeding to the broader view there are a number of contentions that proves that the broader view of Corporate Social Responsibility should be adopted rather than the narrow view. Firstly, the duties of any corporation involve the duties towards the stakeholders, the employees, the customers, the suppliers and the environment [5]. Hence the consequences of the actions of the organizations are even felt by the wider society. Secondly, there exists a saying that with great power comes greater responsibilities. Business organizations are generally large and extremely influential and hence they have certain responsibilities towards the society. Thirdly, there exists a universal social contract between the society and business. According to this contract it is the society which makes the rules and guidelines and the responsibilities under which the organizations operate [4]. Therefore, when the society concentrates on sustainability, quality of life and the environment then the organizations should also follow suit and abide by the social norms. And finally under the law every organization is considered as a person. Being a person they are given the right to speech, right to own property and the right to enter into contracts. With rights comes duty and hence the organizations have a duty towards the society. Ethics and CSR The differences between the broad and narrow view of CSR can be elaborately explained with the help of an ethical theory and its application in a practical theory. In accordance to the stakeholders theory stakeholders are such individuals who are the most affected by policies, actions and procedures of the organization. Whereas some stakeholders have specified legal rights in the organizations some stakeholders may have more moral rights relating to the organization [7]. For instance in a large organization having multiple stakeholders some of them are primary stakeholders and others are secondary stakeholders. Under such situations an environmental group may not have any legal rights in the organization. However, they do have a moral right to know about the environmental policies of the organization. Towards their customers who are the primary stakeholders the organization has a lot of responsibilities. They are responsible to deliver such goods to the customers which function properly, are safe and of value. Being a CEO of such a large organization with multiple stakeholders I would consider the broader view of Corporate Social Responsibility. This is because if the narrow approach is considered most of the rights of the stakeholders would be ignored. Corporations generally have been criticized for their adverse effects on the environment as they usually wasted natural resources and contributed largely to environmental problems. With regard to the broader approach the organization would have the responsibility towards the protection of the environment. With the protection of environment the moral obligations towards the secondary stakeholders such the environmental group may be fulfilled. If the sole motive the organization would have been maximizing profit as according to the narrow approach then such moral rights of the secondary stakeholders would not be fulfilled [7]. Also with regard to the primary stakeholders their legal and moral rights also needs to ascertained by the organizations. These rights may also be fulfilled only with the help of the broader view of CSR. Hence this suffices that in order to fulfill the moral and legal rights of the stakeholders it is essential that the broader view of the CSR be adopted since only then the organization would be able to fulfill the business ethics of the stakeholders. Recommendations To have a concrete CSR every organization should abide by certain guidelines so that the large organizations are transformed into productive corporations that affect the society in a positive manner. According to the policies of Corporate Social Responsibility corporations should give away some of the wealth and success to the society for supporting them. In most of the developing countries that have multinational organizations that employ poor people in the factories. Since the organizations have lot of social and financial influence they can make contacts with the governments and business houses to make a difference to these lives. They can contribute in employment schemes, education of their children, counseling sessions and also assist them in staring businesses. Secondly, it is a known fact that the natural environment is the primary source of wealth and such wealth is being abused by humans for centuries. Organizations which take the CSR seriously would understand that they do not indulge in such environmental damage and further they contribute their time and money to protect and preserve the environment [9]. In any organization employees are the primary important factor as they are the ones who produce the wealth. There are companies where collective bargaining protects the interests of the employees. However, such an arrangement is not present in all organizations. Corporate Social Responsibility recommends that all organizations should properly remunerate the employees for the work they do make the organization successful. Equitable packages including salaries, benefits, pension plans and paid vacations should be given to the employees. Corporate organizations should also provide the customers reasonable and appropriate products as they had advertised. Hence by abiding by the standards and guidelines of the CSR corporations not only maximize profits but also serve the society. Conclusion Hence it can be construed that CSR is a sort of duty that the business organizations should eagerly perform in the society where they operate and in a responsible manner. Under general circumstances organizations should not be forced to perform such duties but nevertheless, there are companies that have signified that they need to be forced to take up at least some form of Corporate Social Responsibility [4]. Further sometimes the government, the social media, the advocacy groups and the civil societies compel the business enterprises to practice CSR. From the above discussion it is evident that significant and active CSR is useful not only to the society but also to the company, the employees and the government. Hence CSR should be considered among the basic concepts and values of the company and in this way the corporate organizations would shift from the idea of exploiting the community. This concept would further make the organizations responsible without adding pressure to the authorities. References 1 Sternberg E. CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 1.Economic Affairs2009;29:5-10. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0270.2009.01940.x 2 Aluchna M. Special issue on Corporate social responsibility in transitional economies.Social Responsibility Journal2008;4. doi:10.1108/srj.2008.36804aaa.002 3 Demetrious K. Corporate social responsibility, new activism and public relations.Social Responsibility Journal2008;4:104-119. doi:10.1108/17471110810856875 4 Arvidsson S. Corporate social responsibility and stock market actors: a comprehensive study.Social Responsibility Journal2014;10:210-225. doi:10.1108/srj-08-2012-0099 5 Scott S. Corporate Social Responsibility and the Fetter of Profitability.Social Responsibility Journal2007;3:31-39. doi:10.1108/17471110710840215 6 Hunnicutt S.Corporate social responsibility. Detroit, MI: : Greenhaven Press 2009. 7 Zu L.Corporate social responsibility, corporate restructuring and firm's performance. Berlin: : Springer 2009. 8 Schreck P.The business case for corporate social responsibility. Heidelberg: : Physica-Verlag 2009. 9 Crowther D, Capaldi N.The Ashgate research companion to corporate social responsibility. Aldershot, England: : Ashgate 2008